slapd-ldap (5)
NAME
slapd-ldap - LDAP backend to slapdSYNOPSIS
/etc/ldap/slapd.confDESCRIPTION
The LDAP backend to slapd(8) is not an actual database; instead it acts as a proxy to forward incoming requests to another LDAP server. While processing requests it will also chase referrals, so that referrals are fully processed instead of being returned to the slapd client.Sessions that explicitly Bind to the back-ldap database always create their own private connection to the remote LDAP server. Anonymous sessions will share a single anonymous connection to the remote server. For sessions bound through other mechanisms, all sessions with the same DN will share the same connection. This connection pooling strategy can enhance the proxy's efficiency by reducing the overhead of repeatedly making/breaking multiple connections.
The ldap database can also act as an information service, i.e. the identity of locally authenticated clients is asserted to the remote server, possibly in some modified form. For this purpose, the proxy binds to the remote server with some administrative identity, and, if required, authorizes the asserted identity. See the idassert-* rules below. The administrative identity of the proxy, on the remote server, must be allowed to authorize by means of appropriate authzTo rules; see slapd.conf(5) for details.
The proxy instance of slapd(8) must contain schema information for the attributes and objectClasses used in filters, request DN and request-related data in general. It should also contain schema information for the data returned by the proxied server. It is the responsibility of the proxy administrator to keep the schema of the proxy lined up with that of the proxied server.
Note: When looping back to the same instance of slapd(8), each connection requires a new thread; as a consequence, slapd(8) must be compiled with thread support, and the threads parameter may need some tuning; in those cases, one may consider using slapd-relay(5) instead, which performs the relayed operation internally and thus reuses the same connection.
CONFIGURATION
These slapd.conf options apply to the LDAP backend database. That is, they must follow a "database ldap" line and come before any subsequent "backend" or "database" lines. Other database options are described in the slapd.conf(5) manual page.
Note: In early versions of back-ldap it was recommended to always set
-
lastmod off
for ldap and meta databases. This was required because operational attributes related to entry creation and modification should not be proxied, as they could be mistakenly written to the target server(s), generating an error. The current implementation automatically sets lastmod to off, so its use is redundant and should be omitted.
- uri <ldapurl>
-
LDAP server to use. Multiple URIs can be set in a single
ldapurl
argument, resulting in the underlying library automatically
call the first server of the list that responds, e.g.
uri "ldap://host/ ldap://backup-host/"
The URI list is space- or comma-separated. Whenever the server that responds is not the first one in the list, the list is rearranged and the responsive server is moved to the head, so that it will be first contacted the next time a connection needs be created.
- acl-bind bindmethod=simple|sasl [binddn=<simple DN>] [credentials=<simple password>] [saslmech=<SASL mech>] [secprops=<properties>] [realm=<realm>] [authcId=<authentication ID>] [authzId=<authorization ID>] [starttls=no|yes|critical] [tls_cert=<file>] [tls_key=<file>] [tls_cacert=<file>] [tls_cacertdir=<path>] [tls_reqcert=never|allow|try|demand] [tls_ciphersuite=<ciphers>] [tls_protocol_min=<version>] [tls_crlcheck=none|peer|all]
-
- Allows to define the parameters of the authentication method that is internally used by the proxy to collect info related to access control, and whenever an operation occurs with the identity of the rootdn of the LDAP proxy database. The identity defined by this directive, according to the properties associated to the authentication method, is supposed to have read access on the target server to attributes used on the proxy for ACL checking.
There is no risk of giving away such values; they are only used to check permissions. The default is to use simple bind, with empty binddn and credentials, which means that the related operations will be performed anonymously. If not set, and if idassert-bind is defined, this latter identity is used instead. See idassert-bind for details.
The connection between the proxy database and the remote server associated to this identity is cached regardless of the lifespan of the client-proxy connection that first established it.
This identity is by no means implicitly used by the proxy when the client connects anonymously. The idassert-bind feature, instead, in some cases can be crafted to implement that behavior, which is intrinsically unsafe and should be used with extreme care. This directive obsoletes acl-authcDN, and acl-passwd.
The TLS settings default to the same as the main slapd TLS settings, except for tls_reqcert which defaults to "demand".
- Allows to define the parameters of the authentication method that is internally used by the proxy to collect info related to access control, and whenever an operation occurs with the identity of the rootdn of the LDAP proxy database. The identity defined by this directive, according to the properties associated to the authentication method, is supposed to have read access on the target server to attributes used on the proxy for ACL checking.
- cancel {ABANDON|ignore|exop[-discover]}
-
Defines how to handle operation cancellation.
By default,
abandon
is invoked, so the operation is abandoned immediately.
If set to
ignore,
no action is taken and any further response is ignored; this may result
in further response messages to be queued for that connection, so it is
recommended that long lasting connections are timed out either by
idle-timeout
or
conn-ttl,
so that resources eventually get released.
If set to
exop,
a
cancel
operation (RFC 3909) is issued, resulting in the cancellation
of the current operation; the
cancel
operation waits for remote server response, so its use
may not be recommended.
If set to
exop-discover,
support of the
cancel
extended operation is detected by reading the remote server's root DSE.
- chase-referrals {YES|no}
-
enable/disable automatic referral chasing, which is delegated to the
underlying libldap, with rebinding eventually performed if the
rebind-as-user directive is used. The default is to chase referrals.
- conn-ttl <time>
-
This directive causes a cached connection to be dropped an recreated
after a given ttl, regardless of being idle or not.
- idassert-authzFrom <authz-regexp>
-
if defined, selects what
local
identities are authorized to exploit the identity assertion feature.
The string
<authz-regexp>
follows the rules defined for the
authzFrom
attribute.
See
slapd.conf(5),
section related to
authz-policy,
for details on the syntax of this field.
- idassert-bind bindmethod=none|simple|sasl [binddn=<simple DN>] [credentials=<simple password>] [saslmech=<SASL mech>] [secprops=<properties>] [realm=<realm>] [authcId=<authentication ID>] [authzId=<authorization ID>] [authz={native|proxyauthz}] [mode=<mode>] [flags=<flags>] [starttls=no|yes|critical] [tls_cert=<file>] [tls_key=<file>] [tls_cacert=<file>] [tls_cacertdir=<path>] [tls_reqcert=never|allow|try|demand] [tls_ciphersuite=<ciphers>] [tls_protocol_min=<version>] [tls_crlcheck=none|peer|all]
-
- Allows to define the parameters of the authentication method that is internally used by the proxy to authorize connections that are authenticated by other databases. The identity defined by this directive, according to the properties associated to the authentication method, is supposed to have auth access on the target server to attributes used on the proxy for authentication and authorization, and to be allowed to authorize the users. This requires to have proxyAuthz privileges on a wide set of DNs, e.g. authzTo=dn.subtree:, and the remote server to have authz-policy set to to or both. See slapd.conf(5) for details on these statements and for remarks and drawbacks about their usage. The supported bindmethods are
none|simple|sasl
where none is the default, i.e. no identity assertion is performed.
The authz parameter is used to instruct the SASL bind to exploit native SASL authorization, if available; since connections are cached, this should only be used when authorizing with a fixed identity (e.g. by means of the authzDN or authzID parameters). Otherwise, the default proxyauthz is used, i.e. the proxyAuthz control (Proxied Authorization, RFC 4370) is added to all operations.
The supported modes are:
<mode> := {legacy|anonymous|none|self}
If <mode> is not present, and authzId is given, the proxy always authorizes that identity. <authorization ID> can be
u:<user>
[dn:]<DN>
The former is supposed to be expanded by the remote server according to the authz rules; see slapd.conf(5) for details. In the latter case, whether or not the dn: prefix is present, the string must pass DN validation and normalization.
The default mode is legacy, which implies that the proxy will either perform a simple bind as the authcDN or a SASL bind as the authcID and assert the client's identity when it is not anonymous. Direct binds are always proxied. The other modes imply that the proxy will always either perform a simple bind as the authcDN or a SASL bind as the authcID, unless restricted by idassert-authzFrom rules (see below), in which case the operation will fail; eventually, it will assert some other identity according to <mode>. Other identity assertion modes are anonymous and self, which respectively mean that the empty or the client's identity will be asserted; none, which means that no proxyAuthz control will be used, so the authcDN or the authcID identity will be asserted. For all modes that require the use of the proxyAuthz control, on the remote server the proxy identity must have appropriate authzTo permissions, or the asserted identities must have appropriate authzFrom permissions. Note, however, that the ID assertion feature is mostly useful when the asserted identities do not exist on the remote server.
Flags can be
override,[non-]prescriptive,proxy-authz-[non-]critical
When the override flag is used, identity assertion takes place even when the database is authorizing for the identity of the client, i.e. after binding with the provided identity, and thus authenticating it, the proxy performs the identity assertion using the configured identity and authentication method.
When the prescriptive flag is used (the default), operations fail with inappropriateAuthentication for those identities whose assertion is not allowed by the idassert-authzFrom patterns. If the non-prescriptive flag is used, operations are performed anonymously for those identities whose assertion is not allowed by the idassert-authzFrom patterns.
When the proxy-authz-non-critical flag is used (the default), the proxyAuthz control is not marked as critical, in violation of RFC 4370. Use of proxy-authz-critical is recommended.
The TLS settings default to the same as the main slapd TLS settings, except for tls_reqcert which defaults to "demand".
The identity associated to this directive is also used for privileged operations whenever idassert-bind is defined and acl-bind is not. See acl-bind for details.
This directive obsoletes idassert-authcDN, idassert-passwd, idassert-mode, and idassert-method.
- Allows to define the parameters of the authentication method that is internally used by the proxy to authorize connections that are authenticated by other databases. The identity defined by this directive, according to the properties associated to the authentication method, is supposed to have auth access on the target server to attributes used on the proxy for authentication and authorization, and to be allowed to authorize the users. This requires to have proxyAuthz privileges on a wide set of DNs, e.g. authzTo=dn.subtree:, and the remote server to have authz-policy set to to or both. See slapd.conf(5) for details on these statements and for remarks and drawbacks about their usage. The supported bindmethods are
- idassert-passthru <authz-regexp>
-
if defined, selects what
local
identities bypass the identity assertion feature.
Those identities need to be known by the remote host.
The string
<authz-regexp>
follows the rules defined for the
authzFrom
attribute.
See
slapd.conf(5),
section related to
authz-policy,
for details on the syntax of this field.
- idle-timeout <time>
-
This directive causes a cached connection to be dropped an recreated
after it has been idle for the specified time.
- network-timeout <time>
-
Sets the network timeout value after which
poll(2)/select(2)
following a
connect(2)
returns in case of no activity.
The value is in seconds, and it can be specified as for
idle-timeout.
- norefs <NO|yes>
-
If
yes,
do not return search reference responses.
By default, they are returned unless request is LDAPv2.
- noundeffilter <NO|yes>
-
If
yes,
return success instead of searching if a filter is undefined or contains
undefined portions.
By default, the search is propagated after replacing undefined portions
with
(!(objectClass=*)),
which corresponds to the empty result set.
- protocol-version {0,2,3}
-
This directive indicates what protocol version must be used to contact
the remote server.
If set to 0 (the default), the proxy uses the same protocol version
used by the client, otherwise the requested protocol is used.
The proxy returns unwillingToPerform if an operation that is
incompatible with the requested protocol is attempted.
- proxy-whoami {NO|yes}
-
Turns on proxying of the WhoAmI extended operation. If this option is
given, back-ldap will replace slapd's original WhoAmI routine with its
own. On slapd sessions that were authenticated by back-ldap, the WhoAmI
request will be forwarded to the remote LDAP server. Other sessions will
be handled by the local slapd, as before. This option is mainly useful
in conjunction with Proxy Authorization.
- quarantine <interval>,<num>[;<interval>,<num>[...]]
-
Turns on quarantine of URIs that returned
LDAP_UNAVAILABLE,
so that an attempt to reconnect only occurs at given intervals instead
of any time a client requests an operation.
The pattern is: retry only after at least
interval
seconds elapsed since last attempt, for exactly
num
times; then use the next pattern.
If
num
for the last pattern is "+", it retries forever; otherwise,
no more retries occur.
The process can be restarted by resetting the olcDbQuarantine
attribute of the database entry in the configuration backend.
- rebind-as-user {NO|yes}
-
If this option is given, the client's bind credentials are remembered
for rebinds, when trying to re-establish a broken connection,
or when chasing a referral, if
chase-referrals
is set to
yes.
- session-tracking-request {NO|yes}
-
Adds session tracking control for all requests.
The client's IP and hostname, and the identity associated to each request,
if known, are sent to the remote server for informational purposes.
This directive is incompatible with setting protocol-version to 2.
- single-conn {NO|yes}
-
Discards current cached connection when the client rebinds.
- t-f-support {NO|yes|discover}
-
enable if the remote server supports absolute filters
(see draft-zeilenga-ldap-t-f for details).
If set to
discover,
support is detected by reading the remote server's root DSE.
- timeout [<op>=]<val> [...]
-
This directive allows to set per-operation timeouts.
Operations can be
<op> ::= bind, add, delete, modrdn, modify, compare, search
The overall duration of the search operation is controlled either by the timelimit parameter or by server-side enforced time limits (see timelimit and limits in slapd.conf(5) for details). This timeout parameter controls how long the target can be irresponsive before the operation is aborted. Timeout is meaningless for the remaining operations, unbind and abandon, which do not imply any response, while it is not yet implemented in currently supported extended operations. If no operation is specified, the timeout val affects all supported operations.
Note: if the timelimit is exceeded, the operation is cancelled (according to the cancel directive); the protocol does not provide any means to rollback operations, so the client will not be notified about the result of the operation, which may eventually succeeded or not. In case the timeout is exceeded during a bind operation, the connection is destroyed, according to RFC4511.
Note: in some cases, this backend may issue binds prior to other operations (e.g. to bind anonymously or with some prescribed identity according to the idassert-bind directive). In this case, the timeout of the operation that resulted in the bind is used.
- tls {[try-]start|[try-]propagate|ldaps} [tls_cert=<file>] [tls_key=<file>] [tls_cacert=<file>] [tls_cacertdir=<path>] [tls_reqcert=never|allow|try|demand] [tls_ciphersuite=<ciphers>] [tls_crlcheck=none|peer|all]
-
- Specify the use of TLS when a regular connection is initialized. The StartTLS extended operation will be used unless the URI directive protocol scheme is ldaps://. In that case this keyword may only be set to "ldaps" and the StartTLS operation will not be used. propagate issues the StartTLS operation only if the original connection did. The try- prefix instructs the proxy to continue operations if the StartTLS operation failed; its use is not recommended.
The TLS settings default to the same as the main slapd TLS settings, except for tls_reqcert which defaults to "demand".
- Specify the use of TLS when a regular connection is initialized. The StartTLS extended operation will be used unless the URI directive protocol scheme is ldaps://. In that case this keyword may only be set to "ldaps" and the StartTLS operation will not be used. propagate issues the StartTLS operation only if the original connection did. The try- prefix instructs the proxy to continue operations if the StartTLS operation failed; its use is not recommended.
- use-temporary-conn {NO|yes}
-
when set to
yes,
create a temporary connection whenever competing with other threads
for a shared one; otherwise, wait until the shared connection is available.
BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY
The LDAP backend has been heavily reworked between releases 2.2 and 2.3, and subsequently between 2.3 and 2.4. As a side-effect, some of the traditional directives have been deprecated and should be no longer used, as they might disappear in future releases.
- acl-authcDN <administrative DN for access control purposes>
-
Formerly known as the
binddn,
it is the DN that is used to query the target server for acl checking;
it is supposed to have read access on the target server to attributes used
on the proxy for acl checking.
There is no risk of giving away such values; they are only used to
check permissions.
The acl-authcDN identity is by no means implicitly used by the proxy when the client connects anonymously. The idassert-* feature can be used (at own risk) for that purpose instead.
This directive is obsoleted by the binddn arg of acl-bind when bindmethod=simple, and will be dismissed in the future.
- acl-passwd <password>
-
Formerly known as the
bindpw,
it is the password used with the above
acl-authcDN
directive.
This directive is obsoleted by the
credentials
arg of
acl-bind
when bindmethod=simple, and will be dismissed in the future.
- idassert-authcDN <administrative DN for proxyAuthz purposes>
-
DN which is used to propagate the client's identity to the target
by means of the proxyAuthz control when the client does not
belong to the DIT fragment that is being proxied by back-ldap.
This directive is obsoleted by the
binddn
arg of
idassert-bind
when bindmethod=simple, and will be dismissed in the future.
- idassert-passwd <password>
-
Password used with the
idassert-authcDN
above.
This directive is obsoleted by the
crendentials
arg of
idassert-bind
when bindmethod=simple, and will be dismissed in the future.
- idassert-mode <mode> [<flags>]
-
defines what type of
identity assertion
is used.
This directive is obsoleted by the
mode
arg of
idassert-bind,
and will be dismissed in the future.
- idassert-method <method> [<saslargs>]
-
This directive is obsoleted by the
bindmethod
arg of
idassert-bind,
and will be dismissed in the future.
- port <port>
-
this directive is no longer supported. Use the
uri
directive as described above.
- server <hostname[:port]>
-
this directive is no longer supported. Use the
uri
directive as described above.
- suffixmassage, map, rewrite*
-
These directives are no longer supported by back-ldap; their
functionality is now delegated to the
rwm
overlay. Essentially, add a statement
overlay rwm
first, and prefix all rewrite/map statements with rwm- to obtain the original behavior. See slapo-rwm(5) for details.
ACCESS CONTROL
The ldap backend does not honor all ACL semantics as described in slapd.access(5). In general, access checking is delegated to the remote server(s). Only read (=r) access to the entry pseudo-attribute and to the other attribute values of the entries returned by the search operation is honored, which is performed by the frontend.OVERLAYS
The LDAP backend provides basic proxying functionalities to many overlays. The chain overlay, described in slapo-chain(5), and the translucent overlay, described in slapo-translucent(5), deserve a special mention.Conversely, there are many overlays that are best used in conjunction with the LDAP backend. The proxycache overlay allows caching of LDAP search requests (queries) in a local database. See slapo-pcache(5) for details. The rwm overlay provides DN rewrite and attribute/objectClass mapping capabilities to the underlying database. See slapo-rwm(5) for details.
FILES
- /etc/ldap/slapd.conf
- default slapd configuration file
SEE ALSO
slapd.conf(5), slapd-config(5), slapd-meta(5), slapo-chain(5), slapo-pcache(5), slapo-rwm(5), slapo-translucent(5), slapd(8), ldap(3).AUTHOR
Howard Chu, with enhancements by Pierangelo Masarati
![assorted[chips]](/wp-content/themes/codetools-2016child/images/assortedchips_logo_black.png){kind=logo}